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Tar-water was a medieval medicine consisting of pine tar and water. It was foul-tasting, and so it slowly dropped in popularity, but it was revived in the Victorian era. It is used both as a tonic and as a substitute to get rid of "strong spirits". Both of these uses were originally advocated by the philosopher George Berkeley, who lauded tar water in his tract ''Siris, a chain of philosophical reflections and inquiries, concerning the virtues of tar-water''.〔B. A. G. Fuller: ''History of Philosophy: Modern'', "Locke, Berkeley and Hume"〕 The use of the medicine is mentioned in the second chapter of Charles Dickens's ''Great Expectations''. Young Pip and his brother in law, Joe, were often force fed it by Mrs. Joe, Pip's elder sister, whether they were ill or not, as sort of cruel punishment. The physician Cadwallader Colden extolled the virtues of pine resin steeped in water. This concoction also was called "tar water".〔David A. Grimaldi: ''Amber – window to the Past.'' New York 1966〕 In the introduction of his ''Journal of A Voyage to Lisbon'' Henry Fielding considers tar-water a panacea for treating dropsy: "But even such a panacea one of the greatest scholars and best of men did lately apprehend he had discovered (). The reader, I think, will scarce need to be informed that the writer I mean is the late bishop of Cloyne, in Ireland, and the discovery that of the virtues of tar-water".〔Henry Fielding: ''Journal of A Voyage to Lisbon''〕 By the Bishop of Cloyne, Fielding refers to the above-mentioned philosopher George Berkeley. == Preparation== Berkeley suggests that tar from pine or fir be stirred for three or four minutes with an equal quantity of water and the mixture allowed to stand for forty-eight hours. At this time the separated water is drawn off to be drunk, at the rate of one half-pint night and morning "on an empty stomach". Fresh water is added to the unused portion and again stirred to provide more of the preparation, until the mixture becomes too weak. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tar water」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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